Between the vertebrae what type of cartilage

A chondrocyte: A chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus N and mitochondria M. Mesenchyme tissue differentiates into chondroblasts and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix ECM. Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are undifferentiated, meaning they can give rise to different cell types.

Under the appropriate conditions and at sites of cartilage formation, they are referred to as chondrogenic cells. During cartilage formation, undifferentiated MSCs are highly proliferative and form dense aggregates of chondrogenic cells at the center of chondrification. These condrogenic cells then differentiate to chondroblasts, which will then synthesize the cartilage ECM. Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage showing chondrocytes and organelles, lacunae and matrix.

The extracellular matrix consists of ground substance proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans and associated fibers, such as collagen. The chondroblasts then trap themselves in lacunae, small spaces that are no longer in contact with the newly created matrix and contain extracellular fluid. The chondroblast is now a chondrocyte, which is usually inactive but can still secrete and degrade the matrix depending on the conditions.

The majority of body cartilage is synthesized from chondroblasts that are largely inactive at later developmental stages compared to earlier years pre-pubescence.

The division of cells within cartilage occurs very slowly. Therefore, growth in cartilage is usually not based on an increase in size or mass of the cartilage itself. Remodeling of cartilage is predominantly affected by changes and rearrangements of the collagen matrix, which responds to tensile and compressive forces experienced by the cartilage.

Cartilage growth thus mainly refers to matrix deposition, but can include both growth and remodeling of the ECM. Early in fetal development, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilaginous. This temporary cartilage is gradually replaced by bone endochondral ossification , a process that ends at puberty. In contrast, the cartilage in the joints remains permanently unossified during life.

Once damaged, cartilage has limited repair capabilities because chondrocytes are bound in lacunae and cannot migrate to damaged areas. Also, because cartilage does not have a blood supply, the deposition of new matrix is slow. Damaged hyaline cartilage is usually replaced by fibrocartilage scar tissue. Unlike the other tissue grafts, an allograft comes from a cadaver donor, not the person themselves. The allografts can usually treat larger areas of injury than an autograft.

Although doctors can perform these procedures to promote healing, the cartilage may grow at a slow rate. Doctors will likely recommend physical therapy and other techniques in the meantime to promote mobility. Researchers are exploring new ways of healing and treating damaged cartilage besides increasing blood supply and performing cartilage grafts. Examples include trying to use stem cells to grow into healthy cartilage and attempting to create a microgel like the matrix that nourishes cartilage.

However, these approaches are still in the clinical trial stages and will take time and testing before new techniques emerge. Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage in the rib cage. Learn about costochondritis symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Cartilage cushions joints and helps them work smoothly. It naturally degenerates with age, which may lead to osteoarthritis.

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Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What Is Ankylosing Spondylitis? You are here Types Joint Anatomy. What Is Cartilage? By Emmanuel Konstantakos, MD.

Peer Reviewed. Knee Anatomy Save. Articular cartilage thickness at the distal radius: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Am. Epub Jun Chondrocytes are first chondroblast cells that produce the collagen extracellular matrix ECM and then get caught in the matrix. They lie in spaces called lacunae with up to eight chondrocytes located in each. Chondrocytes rely on diffusion to obtain nutrients as, unlike bone, cartilage is avascular, meaning there are no vessels to carry blood to cartilage tissue.

This lack of blood supply causes cartilage to heal very slowly compared with bone. The base substance of cartilage is chondroitin sulfate, and the microarchitecture is substantially less organized than in bone. The cartilage fibrous sheath is called the perichondrium. The division of cells within cartilage occurs very slowly, and thus growth in cartilage is usually not based on an increase in size or mass of the cartilage itself.

Articular cartilage function is dependent on the molecular composition of its ECM, which consists mainly of proteoglycans and collagens. The remodeling of cartilage is predominantly affected by changes and rearrangements of the collagen matrix, which responds to tensile and compressive forces experienced by the cartilage.

Cartilage types: Images of microscopic views of the different types of cartilage: elastic, hyaline, and fibrous. There are three major types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most widespread cartilage type and, in adults, it forms the articular surfaces of long bones, the rib tips, the rings of the trachea, and parts of the skull. This type of cartilage is predominately collagen yet with few collagen fibers , and its name refers to its glassy appearance.